Crude Drugs Evaluation:
Evaluation refers to the full understanding and standardization of the crude drug, Identification of the crude drug and determination of its Quality and Purity are the basic components of crude drug evaluation. Identity of the drug can be confirmed by Comparing the crude drug sample with an already established crude drug.
or
by evaluating the crude substance according to the Official Literature available about that drug in pharmacopoeias. following are the two major aspects to study in the crude drug in Evaluation.
Quality
refers to the Active chemical constituents amount present in the crude drug.
Purity of crude drug:
refers to the freedom of active constituents from admixing.
to study these properties in crude drugs following series of evaluations could be done on crude substances.
to study these properties in crude drugs following series of evaluations could be done on crude substances.
Organoleptic (Morphological) Evaluation:
organoleptic evaluation means to study the subject i.e crude drug with the help of five senses. general morphological features and physical characteristics like shape, structure, colour, smell, taste, sound of fracture etc, can be the elements of organoleptic evaluation.
Microscopical Evaluation:
Microscopic evaluation or Examination means the Study of Histological and cytological features of the organised drug.For Example, we can study microscopically about: Types of cells, tissues present, cell composition like starch, calcium oxalate, mucilage, special plant structures like stomatal apparatus or trichomes present.
Microchemical tests in Crude Drug Evaluation
Following are some well-known tests often implemented when evaluating an organised drug.
- Palisade Ratio
- Quantitative microscopy
- Stomatal number
- Vein-islet number
- Stomatal Index
Physical Evaluation:
As the name indicates physical evaluation is simply to study the physical properties of the drug.For this purpose, various physical constants of the drug are found like Specific gravity, Refractive index, Ash values, Viscosity, Swelling factor,
Melting point, Optical rotation, Volatile oil content of crude drugs
Moisture content etc. All these physical properties could be evaluated with different methods depending upon the crude drug under consideration. For example, Drugs containing volatile oil like Cinnamon, Clove etc, are often evaluated by determining volatile oil content via Steam distillation.
The ash value means the amount of inorganic matter present in the crude drug. Further, it may be subdivided into the following types which is not the scope of this post.
- Total Ash value
- Acid Insoluble Ash
- Water soluble Ash
- Sulphated Ash
Chemical Evaluation:
chemical Evaluation is concerned with determining the Active chemical constituents of crude drug.
various chemical procedures like titrations etc are included in chemical evaluation.
Biological Evaluation:
For Some crude drugs which cannot be evaluated completely by Chemical or physical methods, we have to shift to biological methods.
it is done by using a Living tissue, organs or whole animals and even Micro-organisms like Bacteria or fungi.
fungus and Bacteria can be used to determine Anti-fungal and Anti-fungal activities respectively. Bio-evaluation of digitalis plant is done on pigeons.
Similarly For Biological evaluation of Vitamin-D containing crude Drugs guinea pigs can be used.
Download as
crude drug evaluation ppt
or
Evaluation of crude drug pdf
Similarly For Biological evaluation of Vitamin-D containing crude Drugs guinea pigs can be used.
Download as
crude drug evaluation ppt
or
Evaluation of crude drug pdf
