Collection Of Blood: To study the different components of Whole blood.
THEORY:
Blood Contain plasma and formed elements. Plasma is a straw-colored clear liquid part of blood. It contains 91% to 92% of water and 8% to 9% of solids. The solids are the organic and the inorganic substances. Among the important organic substances are plasma proteins carbohydrates, fats, hormones, enzymes, non protein nitrogenous substances.
Normal values of the plasma proteins are:
Total proteins : 7.3 g/dL (6.4 to 8.3 g/dL)
Serum albumin : 4.7 g/dL
Serum globulin : 2.3 g/dL
Fibrinogen : 0.3 g/dL
Serum is the clear straw-colored fluid that oozes from blood clot. When the blood is shed or collected in a container, it clots. In this process, the fibrinogen is converted into fibrin and the blood cells are trapped in this fibrin forming the blood clot. After about 45 minutes, serum oozes out of the blood clot.
Formed elements
Three types of cells are present in the blood which is called formed elements:
1. Red blood cells or erythrocytes
2. White blood cells or leukocytes
3. Platelets or thrombocytes
REQUIREMENTS:
Human subject, syringe (5 ml), Cotton, alcohol, turniquit, centrifuge machine, centrifuge tubes.
PROCEDURE:
Collection of Blood:
1. Take 5 ml syringe and check it whether piston is working or not.
2. Ask the subject to sit in a chair with feet flat on the ground and back well supported.
3. Tie the turniquit to the forearm and make the vein visible
4. Clean the area from where the blood is to be taken with alcohol swab.
5. Palpate the vein with finger.
6. Hold the syringe at 15 degree angle and insert the needle of the syringe in a cuboital vein.
7. Drag the plunger of the syringe and take the blood.
8. Cotton is placed over the vein and remove the syringe.
Centrifugation:
1. Remove the needle from syringe and drop the blood in a centrifuge tube to which anticoagulant were previously added in small amount.
2. Close the cap of the tube.
3. Open the centrifuge machine, remove the lid and expose the grooves in centrifuge machine.
4. Place the tube in a centrifuge machine.
5. Place the second tube exactly opposite to the previous one in order to balance the plate.
6. Adjust the RPM, and time.
7. Start the machine at 1000 rpm/ min and then after 10 min adjust the rpm to 3000/min for 20 min.
8. Stop the machine open the lid and remove the tube.
9. Observe the tube for various components of Blood.
PRECAUTIONS:
1. Hold syringe at 15 degree.
2. Wash your hands with soap.
3. Always use disposable syringe.
Lid of the centrifuge should be properly closed
